標(biāo)題：SM2論文：生物多樣性評(píng)價(jià)和景觀調(diào)查的聲學(xué)指標(biāo)
Abstract
Bioacoustics is historically a discipline that essentially focuses on individual behaviour in relation to population and species evolutionary levels but rarely in connection with higher levels of ecological complexity like community, landscape or ecosystem. However, some recent bioacoustic researches have operated a change of scale by developing acoustic indices which aim is to characterize animal acoustic communities and soundscapes. We here review these indices for the first time. The indices can be divided into two classes: the α or within-group indices and the β or between-group indices. Up to 21 α acoustic indices were proposed in less than six years.
These indices estimate the amplitude, evenness, richness, heterogeneity of an acoustic community or soundscape. Seven β diversity indices were suggested to compare amplitude envelopes or, more often, frequency spectral profiles. Both α and β indices reported congruent and expected results but they may still suffer some bias due, for instance, to anthropic background noise or variations in the distances between vocalising animals and the sensors. Research is still needed to improve the reliability of these new mathematical tools for biodiversity assessment and monitoring. We recommend the contemporary use of some of these indices to obtain complementary information. Eventually, we foresee that this new field of research which tries to build bridges between animal behaviour and ecology should meet an important success in the next years for the assessment and monitoring of marine, freshwater and terrestrial biodiversity from individual-based level to landscape dimension.
摘要：
生物聲學(xué)在歷史上是一門學(xué)科，主要關(guān)注與種群和物種進(jìn)化水平相關(guān)的個(gè)體行為，但很少與社區(qū)、景觀或生態(tài)系統(tǒng)等更高層次的生態(tài)復(fù)雜性相關(guān)。然而，最近的一些生物聲學(xué)研究通過(guò)開(kāi)發(fā)聲學(xué)指標(biāo)來(lái)改變規(guī)模，旨在表征動(dòng)物聲學(xué)群落和聲景。我們?cè)谶@里首次回顧這些指數(shù)。指數(shù)可分為兩類：α或組內(nèi)指數(shù)和β或組間指數(shù)。在不到六年的時(shí)間里，提出了多達(dá)21個(gè)α聲學(xué)指標(biāo)。這些指數(shù)估計(jì)了聲學(xué)群落或聲景的振幅、均勻性、豐富度和異質(zhì)性。建議使用七個(gè)β多樣性指數(shù)來(lái)比較振幅包絡(luò)，或者更常見(jiàn)的是比較頻譜輪廓。α和β指數(shù)都報(bào)告了一致和預(yù)期的結(jié)果，但它們?nèi)钥赡艽嬖谝恍┢睿纾捎谌藶楸尘霸肼暬虬l(fā)聲動(dòng)物與傳感器之間距離的變化。仍然需要研究來(lái)提高這些新的生物多樣性評(píng)估和監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)學(xué)工具的可靠性。我們建議當(dāng)代使用其中一些指標(biāo)來(lái)獲得補(bǔ)充信息。最終，我們預(yù)計(jì)，這一試圖在動(dòng)物行為和生態(tài)學(xué)之間架起橋梁的新研究領(lǐng)域?qū)⒃谖磥?lái)幾年取得重要成功，從個(gè)體層面到景觀層面評(píng)估和監(jiān)測(cè)海洋、淡水和陸地生物多樣性。
關(guān)鍵詞：SM2聲學(xué)記錄器，Wildlife Acoustics，野外動(dòng)物調(diào)查，動(dòng)物聲學(xué)記錄，自主式聲學(xué)記錄器
